LESSON➢ SEQUENCE OF TENSES
I suppose you are aware of the fact, that direct speech and reported speen are produced by people. But of course direct speech and reported speech are not the same. Direct speech is produced during the moent of speaking while reported speech is used to express past thoughts and intentensions of a speaker. And the reporting verb can be used with the both verbs: verbs in the Present Simple and the Past Simple. When the reporting verb is used in the Past Simple, the verb in the reported speech should be shifted to the past: For example if the direct speech contains the verb in the Present simple, the verb in the reported speech will become in the Past Simple. (drinl-drunk) Consequently the verb in the Past Simple will be turned in to the Past Perfect. However we don´t make any tense alternations if the reporting verb is in the Present Simple and the verb in the reported speech indicates the information in direct speech, which is still true (the laws of physics or government)
I suppose you are aware of the fact, that direct speech and reported speen are produced by people. But of course direct speech and reported speech are not the same. Direct speech is produced during the moent of speaking while reported speech is used to express past thoughts and intentensions of a speaker. And the reporting verb can be used with the both verbs: verbs in the Present Simple and the Past Simple. When the reporting verb is used in the Past Simple, the verb in the reported speech should be shifted to the past: For example if the direct speech contains the verb in the Present simple, the verb in the reported speech will become in the Past Simple. (drinl-drunk) Consequently the verb in the Past Simple will be turned in to the Past Perfect. However we don´t make any tense alternations if the reporting verb is in the Present Simple and the verb in the reported speech indicates the information in direct speech, which is still true (the laws of physics or government)