Schlieffen Plan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan 00:04:20 1 Background 00:04:30 1.1 iKabinettskrieg/i 00:06:08 1.2 Franco-Prussian War 00:07:54 1.2.1 iVolkskrieg/i 00:12:10 1.3 iErmattungsstrategie/i 00:15:21 1.4 Moltke (the Elder) 00:15:31 1.4.1 Deployment plans, 1871–72 to 1890–91 00:18:32 1.5 Schlieffen 00:22:51 1.5.1 Deployment plans, 1892–93 to 1905–06 00:27:30 2 Prelude 00:27:39 2.1 Moltke (the Younger) 00:31:36 2.2 Deployment plans, 1906–07 to 1914–15 00:33:20 2.2.1 iAufmarsch I West/i 00:34:33 2.2.2 iAufmarsch II West/i 00:35:56 2.2.3 iAufmarsch I Ost/i 00:37:25 2.2.4 iAufmarsch II Ost/i 00:38:50 2.3 iPlan XVII/i 00:40:37 2.4 Battle of the Frontiers 00:43:17 3 History 00:43:26 3.1 Interwar 00:43:35 3.1.1 iDer Weltkrieg/i 00:46:52 3.1.2 Hans Delbrück 00:48:01 3.2 1940s – 1990s 00:48:11 3.2.1 Gerhard Ritter 00:49:57 3.2.2 Martin van Creveld 00:53:40 3.2.3 John Keegan 00:56:52 3.3 1990s–present 00:57:01 3.3.1 German reunification 01:01:33 3.3.2 Robert Foley 01:04:09 3.3.3 Terence Holmes 01:09:15 3.3.4 Holmes–Zuber debate 01:13:56 3.3.5 Humphries and Maker 01:18:26 4 Aftermath 01:18:36 4.1 Analysis 01:24:32 5 See also 01:24:46 6 Notes Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.9305164459524904 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The Schlieffen Plan (German: Schlieffen-Plan, pronounced [ʃliːfən plaːn]) was the name given, after the First World War, to German war plans and the influence of Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen and his thinking on the invasion of France and Belgium on 4 August 1914. Schlieffen was Chief of the General Staff of the German Army from 1891 to 1906. In 1905 and 1906, Schlieffen devised an army deployment plan for a war-winning offensive against the French Third Republic. After losing the First World War, German official historians of the Reichsarchiv and other writers described the plan as a blueprint for victory. Generaloberst (Colonel-General) Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, succeeded Schlieffen as Chief of the German General Staff in 1906 and was dismissed after the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914). German historians claimed that Moltke had ruined the plan by meddling with it. Post-war writing by senior German officers like Hermann von Kuhl, Gerhard Tappen, Wilhelm Groener and the Reichsarchiv historians led by the former Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant-Colonel) Wolfgang Förster, managed to establish a commonly accepted narrative that it was Moltke the Younger's failure to follow the blueprint, rather than German strategic miscalculation, that condemned the belligerents to four years of attrition warfare instead of the quick, decisive conflict it should have been. In 1956, Gerhard Ritter published Der Schlieffenplan: Kritik eines Mythos (The Schlieffen Plan: Critique of a Myth), which began a period of revision when the details of the supposed Schlieffen Plan were subjected to scrutiny and contextualisation. Treating the plan as a blueprint was rejected, because this was contrary to the tradition of Prussian war planning established by Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, in which military operations were considered to be inherently unpredictable. Mobilisation and deployment plans were essential but campaign plans were pointless; rather than attempting to dictate to subordinate commanders, the commander gave the intent of the operation and subordinates achieved it through Auftragstaktik (mission-type tactics). In writings from the 1970s, Martin van Creveld, John Keegan, Hew Strachan and others, studied the practical aspects of an invasion of France through Belgium and Luxembourg. They judged that the physical constraints of German, Belgian and French railways and the Belgian and northern French road networks made it impossible to move enough troops far enough and fast enough for them to fight a decisive battle if the French retreated from the frontier. Mo ...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan 00:04:20 1 Background 00:04:30 1.1 iKabinettskrieg/i 00:06:08 1.2 Franco-Prussian War 00:07:54 1.2.1 iVolkskrieg/i 00:12:10 1.3 iErmattungsstrategie/i 00:15:21 1.4 Moltke (the Elder) 00:15:31 1.4.1 Deployment plans, 1871–72 to 1890–91 00:18:32 1.5 Schlieffen 00:22:51 1.5.1 Deployment plans, 1892–93 to 1905–06 00:27:30 2 Prelude 00:27:39 2.1 Moltke (the Younger) 00:31:36 2.2 Deployment plans, 1906–07 to 1914–15 00:33:20 2.2.1 iAufmarsch I West/i 00:34:33 2.2.2 iAufmarsch II West/i 00:35:56 2.2.3 iAufmarsch I Ost/i 00:37:25 2.2.4 iAufmarsch II Ost/i 00:38:50 2.3 iPlan XVII/i 00:40:37 2.4 Battle of the Frontiers 00:43:17 3 History 00:43:26 3.1 Interwar 00:43:35 3.1.1 iDer Weltkrieg/i 00:46:52 3.1.2 Hans Delbrück 00:48:01 3.2 1940s – 1990s 00:48:11 3.2.1 Gerhard Ritter 00:49:57 3.2.2 Martin van Creveld 00:53:40 3.2.3 John Keegan 00:56:52 3.3 1990s–present 00:57:01 3.3.1 German reunification 01:01:33 3.3.2 Robert Foley 01:04:09 3.3.3 Terence Holmes 01:09:15 3.3.4 Holmes–Zuber debate 01:13:56 3.3.5 Humphries and Maker 01:18:26 4 Aftermath 01:18:36 4.1 Analysis 01:24:32 5 See also 01:24:46 6 Notes Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.9305164459524904 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The Schlieffen Plan (German: Schlieffen-Plan, pronounced [ʃliːfən plaːn]) was the name given, after the First World War, to German war plans and the influence of Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen and his thinking on the invasion of France and Belgium on 4 August 1914. Schlieffen was Chief of the General Staff of the German Army from 1891 to 1906. In 1905 and 1906, Schlieffen devised an army deployment plan for a war-winning offensive against the French Third Republic. After losing the First World War, German official historians of the Reichsarchiv and other writers described the plan as a blueprint for victory. Generaloberst (Colonel-General) Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, succeeded Schlieffen as Chief of the German General Staff in 1906 and was dismissed after the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914). German historians claimed that Moltke had ruined the plan by meddling with it. Post-war writing by senior German officers like Hermann von Kuhl, Gerhard Tappen, Wilhelm Groener and the Reichsarchiv historians led by the former Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant-Colonel) Wolfgang Förster, managed to establish a commonly accepted narrative that it was Moltke the Younger's failure to follow the blueprint, rather than German strategic miscalculation, that condemned the belligerents to four years of attrition warfare instead of the quick, decisive conflict it should have been. In 1956, Gerhard Ritter published Der Schlieffenplan: Kritik eines Mythos (The Schlieffen Plan: Critique of a Myth), which began a period of revision when the details of the supposed Schlieffen Plan were subjected to scrutiny and contextualisation. Treating the plan as a blueprint was rejected, because this was contrary to the tradition of Prussian war planning established by Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, in which military operations were considered to be inherently unpredictable. Mobilisation and deployment plans were essential but campaign plans were pointless; rather than attempting to dictate to subordinate commanders, the commander gave the intent of the operation and subordinates achieved it through Auftragstaktik (mission-type tactics). In writings from the 1970s, Martin van Creveld, John Keegan, Hew Strachan and others, studied the practical aspects of an invasion of France through Belgium and Luxembourg. They judged that the physical constraints of German, Belgian and French railways and the Belgian and northern French road networks made it impossible to move enough troops far enough and fast enough for them to fight a decisive battle if the French retreated from the frontier. Mo ...