इस Quasar Black Hole में हो रही है Gravitational lensing| Quasar Black Hole SDSS J0919+2720 |#quasar
Now we can do Galaxy's mass and energy calculate|Gravitational lensing is happening in this black hole quasar|अब हम गैलेक्सी के द्रव्यमान और ऊर्जा की गणना कर सकते हैं।
A group of scientists from EPFL have discovered a method to utilize the phenomenon of strong gravitational lensing, achieving a precision approximately three times superior to any existing technique, to accurately estimate the mass of a galaxy housing a quasar and track its evolution through cosmic time.
This knowledge regarding the mass of galaxies that host quasars contributes to our understanding of galaxy evolution in the early universe, aiding in the construction of models for galaxy formation and black hole growth. The findings were recently published in the journal Nature Astronomy. The unprecedented precision and accuracy achieved with gravitational lensing provide a new avenue for obtaining robust mass estimates in the distant Universe, where conventional techniques lack precision and are susceptible to biases,” says EPFL astrophysicist Frédéric Courbin, senior author of the study.
“The masses of host galaxies have been measured in the past, but thanks to gravitational lensing, this is the first time that the measurement is so precise in the distant Universe,” explains Martin Millon, lead author of the study and currently at Stanford University on an SNF grant. Combining gravitational lensing and quasars
A quasar is a luminous manifestation of a supermassive black hole that accretes surrounding matter, sitting at the center of a host galaxy. It is generally difficult to measure how heavy a quasar’s host galaxy is because quasars are very distant objects, and also because they are so bright that they overshine anything within its vicinity. Gravitational lensing allows us to compute the mass of the lensing object. Thanks to Einstein’s theory of gravitation, we know how massive objects in the foreground of the night sky – the gravitational lens – can bend light coming from background objects. Resulting are strange rings of light, that are actually distortions of the background object’s light by the gravitational lens. Courbin was cycling to the Sauverny Observatory, over a decade ago, when he realized that he could combine the two – quasars and gravitational lensing – to measure the mass of a quasar’s host galaxy. For this, he had to find a quasar in a galaxy that also acts as a gravitational lens.
A handful of gravitational lensing quasars observed so far
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database was a great place to search for gravitational lensing quasars candidates, but to be sure, Courbin had to see the lensing rings. In 2010, he and colleagues commissioned time on the Hubble Space Telescope to observe 4 candidates of which 3 showed lensing. Of the three, one stood out due to its characteristic gravitational lensing rings: SDSS J0919+2720.
The HST image of SDSS J0919+2720 shows two bright objects in the foreground that each act as a gravitational lens, “probably two galaxies in the process of merging,” explains Courbin. The one on the left is a bright quasar, within a host galaxy too dim to be observed. The bright object on the right is another galaxy, the main gravitational lens. A faint object on the far left is a companion galaxy. The characteristic rings are deformed light coming from a background galaxy.
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